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Same displacement, different paths | IB Physics Practice | Physics Insight
IB Physics/A.1 Kinematics/Question

Question pattern: Directed position, distance & displacement

Original question 2 of 2 in this pattern

EasyApply concept3 marks4 minutes

Same displacement, different paths

Two robots start at the origin of the same straight test track. Positive position is to the right. Robot A visits the listed waypoints in order. Robot B moves directly from the origin to x = −50 m.

a) Calculate the distance travelled by each robot.

b) Compare their displacements and explain why the displacements are equal even though the distances differ.

Two routes with the same start and finish
Two routes with the same start and finishComparison number line showing Robot A travelling through zero, plus 300, plus 100 and minus 50 metres, while Robot B travels directly from zero to minus 50 metres.Right is positive →Robot AStart 0 m+300 m+100 mFinish −50 mRobot BStart 0 mFinish −50 m-500100200300Position, x / m
Robot A waypoints
WaypointPosition / m
Start0
1+300
2+100
Finish−50
Hint

Displacement depends only on the start and finish; distance depends on every segment of the route.

Worked answer

Solution

  1. Step 1

    Robot A travels |300 - 0| + |100 - 300| + |-50 - 100| = 300 + 200 + 150 = 650 m.

  2. Step 2

    Robot B travels directly from 0 m to −50 m, so its distance is 50 m.

  3. Step 3

    Both start at 0 m and finish at −50 m, so both have displacement -50 - 0 = -50 m, or 50 m to the left.

Final answer

Robot A distance = 650 m; Robot B distance = 50 m; both displacements are −50 m (50 m left).

Common mistake

Assuming that equal displacement means equal distance travelled.

Concepts tested

  • path length
  • displacement
  • coordinate direction

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Easier questionDirected journey on a coordinate lineHarder questionPiecewise position–time journey